In Search of Justice and Power: Contentious Experiences of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in Latin America

The right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) is an international standard first recognized in 1989 in the International Labor Organization Convention 169 regarding indigenous and tribal peoples, then developed by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) of 2007 and international jurisprudence on human rights.¹ After centuries of exclusion and exploitation, indigenous peoples would benefit from this right, which would overcome incorporation policies of the mid-twentieth century and result in a shift toward policies of self-determination