Immigrants’ contribution to development in the Global South: Comparing policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina

Ariel González Levaggi; Luisa Feline Freier

doi:10.4000/poldev.4963

Immigrants’ contribution to development in the Global South: Comparing policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina

Ariel González Levaggi, Luisa Feline Freier

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Resumen

En abril de 2021, la crisis multidimensional de Venezuela había llevado a más de 5,6 millones de ciudadanos a emigrar, en su mayoría a través de Sudamérica. Este capítulo ofrece un análisis comparativo de las respuestas de políticas nacionales a la inmigración venezolana en Argentina y Perú desde una perspectiva de desarrollo y en el período 2015-2020. Aunque el gobierno de cada país reconoció el potencial de un número desproporcionado de inmigrantes venezolanos altamente cualificados, Argentina ha tenido más éxito que Perú en ofrecerles vías legales para la inmigración e incorporarlos al mercado laboral formal. Nuestro argumento clave es que Argentina ha podido fomentar la integración de los venezolanos -en términos de concesión de estatus regular, convalidación de títulos académicos y profesionales y acceso a los servicios sociales básicos- por tres razones: en primer lugar, el menor número total y las características socioeconómicas más altas de los inmigrantes; en segundo lugar, el marco legislativo progresista de Argentina en materia de inmigración; y en tercer lugar, el destacado papel de los actores de la sociedad civil que hacen presión en favor de los inmigrantes y de políticas públicas más inclusivas. En el caso de Perú, el rápido aumento del número de inmigrantes ha provocado un crecimiento de la opinión pública xenófoba, que ha generado presiones para aplicar políticas públicas no inclusivas. La nueva ley de inmigración carece de consolidación institucional y no existe una sociedad civil fuerte que actúe como contrapeso a esas políticas públicas restrictivas. El capítulo contribuye a la literatura sobre el nexo entre migración y desarrollo, señalando la importancia de la capacidad del Estado y de la sociedad civil en el momento de pensar en la migración y el desarrollo en el Sur global.

Idioma original	Inglés
Publicación	International Development Policy
N.º	14
DOI	https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.4963
Estado	Publicada - 2022

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title = "Immigrants{\textquoteright} contribution to development in the Global South: Comparing policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina",

abstract = "By April 2021, Venezuela{\textquoteright}s multidimensional crisis had led over 5.6 million of the country{\textquoteright}s citizens to emigrate, mostly across South America. This chapter offers a comparative analysis of national policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Argentina and Peru from a development perspective in the period 2015‒2020. Although the government of each country recognised the potential of disproportionate numbers of highly skilled Venezuelan immigrants, Argentina has been more successful than Peru in offering them legal pathways to immigration and incorporating them into the formal labour market. Our key argument is that Argentina has been able to foster the integration of Venezuelans—in terms of granting regular status, validating academic and professional degrees and providing access to basic social services—for three reasons: first, the lower overall numbers and higher socio-economic characteristics of the migrants; second, Argentina{\textquoteright}s progressive legislative immigration framework; and third, the prominent role of civil society actors lobbying for immigrants and pushing for more inclusive public policies. In the case of Peru, the rapid increase in numbers of immigrants has led to a surge in xenophobic public opinion, which has generated pressure to implement non-inclusive policies. The country{\textquoteright}s new immigration law lacks institutional consolidation, and there is no strong civil society to act as a counterweight to restrictive policy developments. The chapter contributes to the literature on the migration–development nexus, pointing out the importance of state capacity and civil society when thinking about migration and development in the global South.",

keywords = "Governance, Migration, Migration policies, Global South, Social services, Civil society, Labour market",

author = "{Gonz{\'a}lez Levaggi}, Ariel and Freier, {Luisa Feline}",

year = "2022",

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AB - By April 2021, Venezuela’s multidimensional crisis had led over 5.6 million of the country’s citizens to emigrate, mostly across South America. This chapter offers a comparative analysis of national policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Argentina and Peru from a development perspective in the period 2015‒2020. Although the government of each country recognised the potential of disproportionate numbers of highly skilled Venezuelan immigrants, Argentina has been more successful than Peru in offering them legal pathways to immigration and incorporating them into the formal labour market. Our key argument is that Argentina has been able to foster the integration of Venezuelans—in terms of granting regular status, validating academic and professional degrees and providing access to basic social services—for three reasons: first, the lower overall numbers and higher socio-economic characteristics of the migrants; second, Argentina’s progressive legislative immigration framework; and third, the prominent role of civil society actors lobbying for immigrants and pushing for more inclusive public policies. In the case of Peru, the rapid increase in numbers of immigrants has led to a surge in xenophobic public opinion, which has generated pressure to implement non-inclusive policies. The country’s new immigration law lacks institutional consolidation, and there is no strong civil society to act as a counterweight to restrictive policy developments. The chapter contributes to the literature on the migration–development nexus, pointing out the importance of state capacity and civil society when thinking about migration and development in the global South.

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M3 - Article in a journal

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Immigrants’ contribution to development in the Global South: Comparing policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina

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