Perú

Agriculture is a fundamental pillar of Peru’s economic and social development, playing a crucial role in ensuring food security and improving rural livelihoods (FAO, 2025). The agricultural sector accounts for 5.6% of Peru’s GDP and employs approximately 2.07 million farmers. However, agricultural productivity remains a critical concern in Peru, where 88% of farmers belong to subsistence family farming. Drawing on eight rounds of the National Agricultural Survey (ENA) (2015–2023), this study examines Peruvian agricultural productivity, technical efficiency, and the role of weather and public policies. The findings reveal limited agricultural productivity growth and significant volatility in productivity between 2015 and 2023, with annual changes ranging from -11.68% to +8.17%. This instability is primarily driven by fluctuations in technical efficiency and the influence of weather conditions. Land-weighted estimates of productivity at the department level shows that, on average, productivity increased in Peru’s Amazonian departments over the eight-year period, while departments with larger amounts of agricultural land experienced productivity decreases. Public policies increasing access to certified seeds and technical assistance are associated with improved productivity, although their effects vary. Additionally, disparities across departments and farm types have a significant influence on the country’s total factor productivity (TFP) growth.