Impacto de la infraestructura en las operaciones logísticas: Gestión de carga y entrega de mercancías

The rapid growth of the urban population generates an increase the demand for goods and services, and the distribution operations to meet their requirements. In these cases, the infrastructure in logistics operations with the adequate loading and unloading operations, the delivery management, the regulations, the ways, the regulations and the public spaces layout for human activities, represents a challenge for the goods distribution in the cities. The loading and unloading docks are public or private parking spaces for the efficient supply and inverse logistics supply operations, in the distribution centers and points of distribution by vehicles of different classes, according the operation characteristics of the products and services. These zones facilitate the delivery of goods, reduce the impact on traffic congestion and the environmental sustainability of the city. This paper characterizes the logistics infrastructure in the commercial zone of Chosica, located in the district of Lurigancho-Chosica, department of Lima, Peru. This paper presents the city characteristics with the absence of a freight loading and unloading policies and proposes the integration of initiatives to improve the goods distribution in the area. The methodology used for the characterization of Chosica was the methodology of square kilometer (km(2)) proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with the commercial inventory (load generators), regulations and roads; and the observation and analysis of its dynamics and behavior on the densest front with its disruptions, deliveries and vehicles. According to the conditions characterization of this commercial zone and its cargo generation, public policies and best practices for urban development and city sustainability are proposed. The results show a deficiency in the infrastructure and the physical facilities for an efficient operation of supply chain flows, their influences on transportation, inventory and supply from the perspective of logistics operators with an inefficient distribution of goods, reflected in the price. The proposals for loads and deliveries of goods management present the multimodal use of the urban space and the review of each front in order to maintain a balance between the supply of the commerce and the demand of the citizens, the mobility of the city and the sustainability of this environment created by the human being.