Extortion and business demography in the Peruvian context: local incidence and spatial contiguity effects across districts of Metropolitan Lima during the 2024–2025 period

This study aims to determine whether reported extortion incidents are associated with changes in business demography -specifically firm entries and exits- across the 43 districts of Metropolitan Lima over the eight quarters spanning the 2024–2025 period. The analysis compares within-district variations over time and incorporates a measure of exposure to extortion in neighboring districts based on spatial contiguity.